Biology 9700 Practical Notes ✪ «EASY»

Mastering the Biology 9700 Practical (Paper 3) Scoring an A in AS Level Biology often hinges on Paper 3. This practical exam tests your ability to follow instructions, collect data, and analyze results under pressure. 🔬 Core Skill 1: Microscopic Techniques

The microscope is a staple of the 9700 syllabus. You must be comfortable with both low and high-power lenses. Calibration: Always remember the formula: Plan Diagrams: Do not draw individual cells. Use clear, sharp, continuous lines.

Draw only the tissue layers (e.g., epidermis, xylem, phloem). No shading or sketching allowed. Magnification: . Ensure units are converted to micrometers ( ) before calculating. 🧪 Core Skill 2: Biochemical Testing

You must know the reagents and the specific color changes for biological molecules. 🍱 The Big Four Tests

Benedict’s Test (Reducing Sugars): Heat with Benedict's solution. Color change: Blue → Green → Yellow → Orange → Brick red precipitate. Non-Reducing Sugars: Heat with HCl first, neutralize with NaHCO3cap N a cap H cap C cap O sub 3 , then perform the Benedict's test.

Biuret Test (Proteins): Add Biuret reagent. Positive result: Blue → Purple/Violet.

Emulsion Test (Lipids): Mix sample with ethanol, then add water. Positive result: Cloudy white emulsion. 📉 Core Skill 3: Data Presentation and Analysis

How you record your findings is just as important as the experiment itself. 📝 Tables Draw your table before you start the experiment. The independent variable goes in the left column. Include headings with units (e.g., ). Do not put units in the body cells. Ensure all readings have the same number of decimal places. 📊 Graphs

Independent variable on the X-axis; Dependent on the Y-axis. Use at least 50% of the grid provided.

Join points with straight lines (ruled) unless a "best-fit" line is specifically requested. Circle outliers if they are clearly anomalous. ⚠️ Identifying Variables and Errors You will be asked to critique your experiment. Be specific.

Independent Variable: What you change (e.g., concentration). Dependent Variable: What you measure (e.g., volume of gas).

Controlled Variables: What you keep the same (e.g., temperature, pH). Experimental Errors: Systematic: Faulty equipment (e.g., a thermometer that is 2∘2 raised to the composed with power

Random: Difficulty in judging a color change (end-point). Use a colorimeter or a standard color chart to improve this. 💡 Quick Tips for Exam Day

Read the whole paper first: It takes 5 minutes but prevents mistakes later.

Wash your apparatus: Contamination is the number one cause of "weird" results. Check your units: Are you measuring in cm3c m cubed mm3m m cubed ? Converting correctly is vital.

Time Management: Aim for 50 minutes per question. If a microscope slide is giving you trouble, move to the calculation/theory part of the question.

Here are some practical notes on Biology 9700, which is a Cambridge International A-Level Biology course:

Practical 1: Measurement and Microscopy

Practical 2: Investigation of the Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity

Practical 3: Investigation of the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis

Practical 4: Investigation of the Effect of Temperature on Membrane Permeability

Practical 5: Investigation of the Effect of Osmosis on Plant Cells

These practical notes cover some of the key experiments and concepts in the Cambridge International A-Level Biology course (9700). By following these notes, students can gain a better understanding of the practical aspects of biology and develop their experimental skills.

Here’s a short, engaging story based on the phrase "biology 9700 practical notes."

It was 11:47 PM. The A-Level Biology practical exam (9700) was in nine hours.

Zara stared at her pile of notes—thirty pages of scribbled methods, annotated diagrams of onion cells, and a half-finished table for "potato osmosis." Her panic wasn't just about the content. It was about time.

Last week, in the mock practical, she’d done everything wrong: cut the potato cylinder at an angle, forgot to zero the balance, and drawn a calibration curve with the axes reversed. The supervisor had written one word in the margin: "Precision?"

That word haunted her.

Tonight, she opened a fresh notebook and wrote at the top: Biology 9700 – What Actually Works.

Not the textbook. Not the long paragraphs. Just the practical notes—the kind that saved your life at the bench.

Page 1: The First Five Minutes

Page 2: Cutting Things (because you will cut things badly)

Page 3: The Calibration Curve That Will Save You

Page 4: Magnification & Drawing Rules

Page 5: Common Killers

At 1:23 AM, she closed the notebook. Five pages. Not thirty.

The next morning, in the lab, the timer started. Zara didn't panic. She opened her practical notes—not to read, but to remember.

She cut the potato cylinder perfectly. She zeroed the balance. She drew a table before adding data. And when the supervisor walked past, she was already plotting her calibration curve.

Three weeks later, the results arrived.

Practical exam: 38/40.

The note at the bottom said: "Clear method. Excellent precision."

She smiled. Then she passed the notebook to her younger sister, who was starting Year 12.

On the cover, she had written: "Not just notes. A survival guide."

To prepare for the Biology 9700 Paper 3 practical, you need to master three main areas: experimental techniques, microscopy, and data presentation. 1. Essential Experimental Techniques Most Paper 3 exams focus on these core procedures:

Serial Dilutions: Understand both proportional and semi-logarithmic dilutions to create ranges of concentrations for enzyme or osmosis experiments.

Qualitative Food Tests: Memorize the reagents and positive results for: Benedict’s test (reducing/non-reducing sugars) Iodine (starch) Biuret (protein) Emulsion test (lipids).

Variable Management: Clearly identify your Independent Variable (what you change), Dependent Variable (what you measure), and Controlled Variables (what you keep the same to ensure validity). 2. Microscopy and Biological Drawings The second question almost always involves a microscope. biology 9700 practical notes

Calibration: Know how to calibrate an eyepiece graticule using a stage micrometer.

Plan Diagrams: These are low-power drawings. Use a sharp HB pencil, draw unbroken lines, and do not draw individual cells. Focus on tissue layers like xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

High-Power Drawings: Draw a few individual cells. Include the nucleus but do not shade it. Magnification Formula:

(Image size / Actual size). Always use the same units (usually 3. Data Presentation & Evaluation

Tables: Use neat, ruled lines. The independent variable goes in the first column. Include units only in the headings, never in the body (e.g., Temperature / °C).

Graphs: The independent variable is on the x-axis and the dependent on the y-axis. Use a linear scale and ensure points are plotted accurately with a small 'x' or dot-in-circle.

Errors and Improvements: Be ready to distinguish between systematic errors (instrumental) and random errors (human/procedural). Common improvements include using more precise equipment (e.g., a colorimeter) or increasing the number of intermediate concentrations. Recommended Revision Resources

Guide to A-Level Biology (9700) Practical Skills Success in the CAIE Biology 9700 practical component (Paper 3) isn't just about knowing facts—it’s about demonstrating precision, following instructions to the letter, and understanding the "why" behind the "how." 1. The Core Skill Sets

The exam typically splits into two main tasks: a "wet" lab experiment (biochemical tests, enzyme rates, or potometers) and a microscopy/drawing task. Quantitative Skills:

You must be able to create a serial dilution. Remember the formula

. If you need to make a 1% solution from a 10% stock, you use 1 part stock to 9 parts distilled water. Microscopy:

Always start on the lowest power objective. When calculating actual size, use the formula: Actual Size = Image Size / Magnification 2. Data Presentation (The Tables)

This is where most students lose "easy" marks. Follow these non-negotiables:

Must include the quantity and the unit separated by a slash (e.g., Temperature / °C Consistency:

All numbers in a column must be recorded to the same degree of precision (e.g., if one reading is 15.0, they should all have one decimal place). Structure:

Draw your table with a ruler and ensure it is fully enclosed. 3. Biological Drawings Your drawings are maps, not art projects. No Shading: Use clear, continuous lines. No "feathering" or sketching. Proportion:

Ensure the layers (like epidermis, cortex, and vascular bundles) are in the correct ratio to one another. Label Lines:

Must be drawn with a ruler, touch the structure exactly, and should not have arrowheads. 4. Analysis and Evaluation

You will often be asked to identify sources of error and suggest improvements. Error vs. Mistake:

A "mistake" is spilling a beaker (don't write this). An "error" is an inherent limitation, like the difficulty in judging a color change endpoint by eye. Improvements:

Suggest using a colorimeter for color intensity, a thermostatically controlled water bath for temperature stability, or increasing the number of intermediate concentrations for a better trend line. 5. Critical Variables Independent Variable: What you change (e.g., pH). Dependent Variable: What you measure (e.g., volume of gas). Control Variables:

What you keep the same to ensure a fair test (e.g., volume of enzyme, concentration of substrate).

Always read the entire instruction sheet before touching any apparatus. The exam board often hides a specific requirement (like "Wait 5 minutes") halfway down a paragraph. or a checklist for microscope calibration

The Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology (9700) practical assessments, primarily Paper 3 (AS) and Paper 5 (A2), test your experimental skills rather than just theoretical knowledge. Paper 3: AS Practical Skills

Paper 3 is a two-hour laboratory-based exam typically consisting of two questions. Important tips to help you ace paper 3 - clearer recording

3. Key Strengths of High-Quality Notes

  1. Command Word Definitions: They define "Evaluate," "Assess," "Suggest," and "Calculate." (e.g., 'Suggest' implies you use context clues, not just memory).
  2. Significant Figures: Good notes have a dedicated section reminding students to match answers to the data provided (usually 2 or 3 s.f.).
  3. The "Why" Boxes: Sidebars that explain why we do a step (e.g., "Why do we leave the Benedict's test in a water bath for 5 minutes?").

C. Evaluation

Final Tip: Timing is a Beast

Good luck! Remember, the examiner doesn't care if your drawing looks like a work of art; they care if the lines attach to the right place and you calculated the magnification correctly.

Have a specific practical skill you struggle with? Drop a comment below!

Introduction

The Biology 9700 practical notes are an essential resource for students preparing for the Cambridge International A-Level Biology examination. The practical component of the exam assesses a student's ability to design, conduct, and analyze experiments, as well as their understanding of biological concepts. In this article, we will provide an overview of the Biology 9700 practical notes, highlighting key concepts, techniques, and tips for success.

Key Concepts

The Biology 9700 practical notes cover a range of topics, including:

  1. Measurement and precision: Understanding the importance of accurate measurements, significant figures, and precision in biological experiments.
  2. Microscopy: Familiarity with different types of microscopes, including light microscopes, electron microscopes, and digital microscopes.
  3. Dissection and sampling: Techniques for dissecting and sampling biological specimens, including plants and animals.
  4. Data analysis and interpretation: Understanding how to collect, analyze, and interpret data, including graph construction and statistical analysis.
  5. Laboratory safety and equipment: Familiarity with laboratory safety procedures and equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and emergency procedures.

Practical Techniques

The following practical techniques are covered in the Biology 9700 practical notes:

  1. Using a microscope: Students should be able to use a light microscope to observe and measure cells, tissues, and microorganisms.
  2. Preparing slides: Techniques for preparing slides, including fixation, staining, and mounting.
  3. Measuring cells and tissues: Understanding how to measure cells and tissues using a microscope and other techniques.
  4. Conducting investigations: Students should be able to design and conduct investigations, including formulating hypotheses, collecting data, and analyzing results.
  5. Using laboratory equipment: Familiarity with laboratory equipment, including balances, measuring cylinders, and thermometers.

Tips for Success

To succeed in the Biology 9700 practical component, students should:

  1. Practice, practice, practice: Regular practice and repetition of practical techniques to build confidence and proficiency.
  2. Read and follow instructions: Carefully read and follow instructions for each practical exercise.
  3. Use laboratory equipment safely: Familiarize yourself with laboratory safety procedures and equipment.
  4. Record data accurately: Accurately record data and results, including units and significant figures.
  5. Analyze and interpret data: Understand how to analyze and interpret data, including graph construction and statistical analysis.

Common Practical Investigations

The following are some common practical investigations that may be covered in the Biology 9700 practical exam:

  1. Investigating the effect of pH on enzyme activity: Students investigate how pH affects enzyme activity using a simple experiment.
  2. Measuring the rate of photosynthesis: Students measure the rate of photosynthesis using a simple experiment, such as measuring oxygen production.
  3. Investigating the effect of temperature on membrane permeability: Students investigate how temperature affects membrane permeability using a simple experiment.

Conclusion

The Biology 9700 practical notes provide a comprehensive guide to the practical component of the Cambridge International A-Level Biology examination. By mastering key concepts, techniques, and tips for success, students can build confidence and proficiency in practical biology and achieve success in their exams. Regular practice, attention to detail, and a thorough understanding of laboratory safety procedures and equipment are essential for success in the practical component.

For the Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology (9700) practical exams (Paper 3 and Paper 5), success depends on mastering experimental design, precise measurement, and accurate biological drawings. 1. Core Experimental Skills

Practical investigations often focus on topics like enzyme activity, cell membranes, and plant transport. Variables Management:

Independent Variable: The one you change (e.g., enzyme concentration). Decide on at least 5 different values (range and interval).

Dependent Variable: The one you measure (e.g., volume of gas produced).

Control Variables: Factors kept constant to ensure a fair test. Common ones include: Temperature: Use a thermostatically controlled water bath. pH: Use a buffer solution of a known concentration.

Volume/Concentration: Ensure consistent amounts of reagents using a graduated pipette or burette. Dilution Techniques:

Simple Dilution: Adding different volumes of water to a stock solution to get specific ratios. Mastering the Biology 9700 Practical (Paper 3) Scoring

Serial Dilution: Diluting a solution step-by-step by the same factor (e.g., 10x each time). 2. Biological Drawings & Microscopy

Drawings must be accurate representations of what you see, not what you think you should see. Cambridge (CIE) A Level Biology · Revision Notes

Mastering the AS & A Level Biology (9700) Practical Exam Success in the Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology (9700)

practical exam requires more than just knowing theory; it demands precise laboratory skills, accurate data recording, and the ability to evaluate experimental results critically. This guide outlines the essential components and tips for acing Paper 3 (AS Level) and Paper 5 (A Level Planning and Evaluation). 1. Master Biological Drawings

Biological drawings are a significant part of the AS Level practical. Low-Power Tissue Plans

: These should show the distribution of tissues, not individual cells. Ensure all tissue layers are completely enclosed by lines and that proportions are accurate. High-Power Detail

: Focus on a small group of cells. Draw what you actually see, not what you think a cell should look like from a textbook.

: Use a sharp pencil for clear, unbroken lines (no "feathering" or sketching). Label with straight, horizontal lines that do not cross. 2. Core Experimental Skills

The exam often tests your ability to handle specific biological investigations: Microscopy eyepiece graticule stage micrometer for accurate measurements. Biological Molecules

: Be proficient in tests for starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars, proteins, and lipids. Enzyme Investigations

: Understand how to measure the effect of pH, temperature, or inhibitors on enzyme activity. Plant Physiology

: Practice investigating membrane permeability (e.g., using beetroot) or water potential through osmosis experiments. 3. Data Collection and Presentation Recording data accurately is crucial for scoring well.

: Always include units in the column headings only (e.g., "Time / s"), not within the data cells. : Ensure the independent variable is on the x-axis and the dependent variable

is on the y-axis. Use at least half of the provided grid and plot points with small, sharp crosses. Significant Figures

: Your recorded data should reflect the precision of the equipment used (e.g., a ruler in mm or a thermometer in 0.5°C increments). 4. Planning and Evaluation (Paper 5)

For the A2 Level, you must demonstrate the ability to design an investigation from scratch. Define the Problem : State a clear, quantifiable, and testable hypothesis. Control Variables : Identify which variables must stay constant and specify

you will standardize them (e.g., using a water bath for temperature).

: Write a logical sequence of steps and include a diagram of the apparatus. Risk Assessment

: Always mention specific hazards (e.g., "dyes can be toxic") and precautions (e.g., "wear gloves"). 5. Common Pitfalls to Avoid International A and A2 Biology Paper 3 Guide | PDF - Scribd

Biology 9700 practical paper (Paper 3) assesses experimental skills and investigations through two main types of tasks: laboratory experiments and microscopic observations. 1. Biological Drawings & Microscopy

Detailed biological drawings are a "make-or-break" feature of the practical. Notes from resources like Studocu and ZNotes highlight these core drawing features:

Plan Diagrams (Low Power): Used to show the distribution of tissues (e.g., leaf, dicot stem, dicot root).

Rule: Draw only the tissue boundaries; never draw individual cells.

Clarity: Lines must be sharp, continuous, and drawn with a sharp pencil (no shading).

High Power Drawings: Used to show the detailed features of specific cells, such as xylem vessels or guard cells.

Magnification Calculations: You must be able to use an eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer to calculate the actual size of a specimen. Formula: 2. Experimental Techniques

Practical notes typically organize experiments into standard methodologies. Common investigations listed by ZNotes and Scribd include:

Serial Dilutions: A systematic technique to reduce the concentration of a solution (e.g., enzymes or sugars) by a constant factor.

Biological Molecule Tests: Qualitative and semi-quantitative tests (e.g., Benedict’s for reducing sugars, Iodine for starch, Biuret for protein).

Enzyme Action: Investigating factors like pH, temperature, or substrate concentration using variables like rate of product formation. 3. Data Presentation & Analysis

A critical "detailed feature" is the formal presentation of your findings as outlined in the CIE AS Biology Practical Notes:

Biology 9700 Practical Notes: A Comprehensive Guide

The Cambridge International Biology 9700 syllabus is a rigorous and challenging course that requires students to have a deep understanding of biological concepts, as well as practical skills in scientific investigation. One of the key components of this syllabus is the practical aspect, where students are required to conduct experiments, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to Biology 9700 practical notes, covering the essential information and tips that students need to succeed in their practical assessments.

Understanding the Practical Component

The practical component of the Biology 9700 syllabus accounts for 20% of the total marks. It assesses students' ability to:

The practical component consists of two parts:

  1. Practical 1: Measurement and Data Analysis - This part assesses students' ability to measure and record data accurately, and to analyze and interpret data.
  2. Practical 2: Investigation and Evaluation - This part assesses students' ability to plan and conduct an investigation, collect and analyze data, and evaluate the results.

Key Concepts and Techniques

To excel in the practical component of Biology 9700, students need to be familiar with the following key concepts and techniques:

Practical Notes and Techniques

Here are some practical notes and techniques that students should be familiar with:

Tips for Success

Here are some tips for students to succeed in their practical assessments:

Common Practical Investigations

Here are some common practical investigations that students may be required to conduct:

Conclusion

In conclusion, the practical component of the Biology 9700 syllabus requires students to have a deep understanding of biological concepts, as well as practical skills in scientific investigation. By familiarizing themselves with the key concepts and techniques, and by practicing with past papers and practical investigations, students can excel in their practical assessments. We hope that these Biology 9700 practical notes have provided a comprehensive guide for students to succeed in their practical assessments. Learning Objectives:

Recommended Resources

By following these practical notes and techniques, and by practicing with past papers and practical investigations, students can gain the skills and confidence they need to succeed in their Biology 9700 practical assessments.

The Biology 9700 Paper 3 (Practical) assessment focuses on your ability to manipulate apparatus, make accurate observations, and present data effectively

. These notes cover the core skills and experimental procedures required for the syllabus. 1. Biological Molecule Tests

You must be able to identify unknown substances using specific reagents. A-Level Notes Reducing Sugars

: Add equal volumes of sample and Benedict's solution; heat in a 95 raised to the composed with power C

water bath. Observe color change from blue to green, yellow, orange, or brick-red. Non-Reducing Sugars

: If the Benedict's test is negative, boil a fresh sample with dilute cap H cap C l

to hydrolyze it, neutralize with sodium hydrogencarbonate, and repeat the Benedict's test.

: Add a few drops of iodine solution. A color change from brown/orange to blue-black indicates starch. Lipids (Emulsion Test)

: Shake the sample with ethanol, then pour it into a tube of water. A milky white emulsion confirms lipids. Proteins (Biuret Test) : Add Biuret reagent (or cap K cap O cap H followed by cap C u cap S cap O sub 4

). A color change from blue to purple/lilac indicates protein. A-Level Notes 2. Laboratory Techniques : Used to create a range of concentrations. Simple Dilution

: Mix a specific volume of stock solution with a specific volume of solvent (e.g., water to get an concentration). Serial Dilution : Use a constant dilution factor (e.g.,

) by transferring a set volume from one tube to the next in a sequence. Microscopy Calibration

: Use a stage micrometer to find the value of one eyepiece graticule unit ( ) at a specific magnification. Magnification Formula A-Level Notes 3. Biological Drawings

Drawings are assessed on technical accuracy, not artistic skill. Plan Diagrams : Draw only the tissue layers (outlines). draw individual cells in a plan diagram. High-Power Drawings

: Focus on 3–4 representative cells. Use clear, continuous lines and do not use shading or "fuzzy" sketching.

: Use a ruler for label lines; lines must touch the feature being labeled and should not have arrowheads. 4. Data Presentation and Analysis

AS Level Biology Practical Notes | PDF | Experiment - Scribd

ZNOTES. * UPDATED TO 2019-21 SYLLABUS. CAIE AS LEVEL. BIOLOGY (9700) ... * Convert the measurement from millimeter to. micrometer.

Biology (9700) AS Level Practical Notes for 2019-21 Syllabus

Master Your AS Level Biology Practical: The Ultimate 9700 Guide

Acing the Cambridge AS Level Biology (9700) Paper 3 isn’t just about knowing your theory; it’s about mastering the "art of the lab." Whether you are facing a titration, a microscopy slide, or a complex enzyme rate experiment, your success depends on precision, observation, and following specific CIE conventions.

This guide breaks down the essential notes you need to turn your practical sessions into high-scoring performances. 1. Mastering the Microscopy (The Visuals)

Microscopy is a staple of Paper 3. You are often asked to draw what you see and calculate the actual size of specimens.

Low-Power Plans: Never draw individual cells. Draw the boundaries of different tissues (e.g., xylem, phloem, epidermis). Use clear, single lines—no shading or "feathering."

High-Power Drawings: Draw 2–3 representative cells. Ensure the cell walls are drawn with double lines to show thickness. Magnification Formula: Remember (Image = Actual × Magnification). Tip: Always convert your units to micrometers ( ) before calculating. (

Calibration: Know how to use a stage micrometer to find the value of one eyepiece graticule unit (epu). 2. Biological Molecule Tests (The Basics)

You must be able to perform and interpret these five standard tests flawlessly: Positive Result Heat Required? Reducing Sugars Benedict’s Solution →right arrow →right arrow →right arrow Yes (80°C+) Non-Reducing Sugars HCl (hydrolysis), then Benedict’s Starch Iodine in KI Blue-Black Proteins Biuret Reagent Purple/Violet Lipids Ethanol (Emulsion test) Milky White Emulsion 3. Enzyme Experiments & Variables

CIE loves enzyme kinetics. You will likely investigate how temperature, pH, or concentration affects reaction rates.

Independent Variable: What you change (e.g., concentration of enzyme). Use at least 5 different values to get a good range.

Dependent Variable: What you measure (e.g., time taken for color change or volume of gas produced).

Controlled Variables: Things you must keep constant (e.g., temperature using a water bath, volume of reagents). Use the word "volume" or "concentration" specifically—never just say "amount." 4. Precision and Data Presentation

This is where most students lose easy marks. Follow these "Golden Rules":

Table Construction: The independent variable goes in the first column. Headings must include the unit after a slash (e.g., Temperature / °C).

Decimal Consistency: All readings in a column must be to the same degree of precision. If your stopwatch reads 12.00, don't write "12." Graphing:

Independent variable on the x-axis, dependent on the y-axis.

Use a sharp pencil; dots should be small and encased in a small circle or cross.

Connect points with ruled, straight lines (dot-to-dot) unless told otherwise. 5. Identifying Sources of Error

In the evaluation section, you’ll be asked for "limitations" and "improvements." Common Error: "The color change was subjective."

Improvement: "Use a colorimeter to get quantitative data" or "Use a color standard for comparison." Common Error: "Heat was lost to the environment."

Improvement: "Use a thermostatically controlled water bath or insulate the beaker." Final Pro-Tip: The "Negative Control"

Always remember the importance of a control experiment. If you are testing the effect of an enzyme, replace the enzyme with distilled water to prove that the reaction is specifically caused by the enzyme and not the solvent.

B. Analysis of Data (Graphs and Statistics)

2. Drawing Skills (The "Biological Drawing" Rules)

Do not draw a work of art. Draw a scientific diagram.

B. Biochemical Tests (Food Tests)

Part 2: Paper 5 – The "Dry Lab" (Planning & Critical Thinking)

You don't need a lab for this paper; you need common sense and specific vocabulary.

Part 1: Paper 3 (Advanced Practical Skills)

Timing: 2 hours | Weight: 23%

This paper tests your ability to manipulate equipment, make observations, and record data.