standard, specifically the current DIN 6935:2011-10 provides the technical requirements for the cold bending of flat rolled steel products
. It is widely used in steel construction and mechanical engineering to determine minimum bending radii, calculate the "developed length" (the flat length of metal needed before bending), and establish permissible deviations. Core Technical Specifications
The standard focuses on how material behaves during the cold bending process, specifically accounting for the displacement of the "neutral fiber" (the line within the metal that neither stretches nor compresses). Bending Radius (
The standard specifies the minimum permissible bending radius based on the material's thickness (
) and the steel grade. For uniform curves, it recommends selecting from a preferred series of radii. Developed Length Calculation:
To find the total length of the flat sheet needed, the standard uses the formula: Elongated length Elongated length equals a plus b plus u are the straight leg lengths and compensation value Compensation Value ( This value changes depending on the opening angle ( 0 raised to the composed with power 65 raised to the composed with power can be positive or negative. 65 raised to the composed with power is exclusively negative. 165 raised to the composed with power 180 raised to the composed with power is typically considered negligible (set to 0). Correction Factor ( Also known as the
, this factor accounts for the shift of the neutral fiber. For a radius-to-thickness ratio , the standard typically sets Modulus Metal Available PDF Resources
While official standards must be purchased, technical summaries and translations are available through several platforms: Official Purchase: You can buy the full, authorized English or German PDF of DIN 6935:2011-10 from DIN Media or through the European Standards store Technical Summaries:
Detailed 13-page English guides and translations are often hosted on platforms like
, which include the calculation tables and example problems. Engineering Data Sheets: Sites like Modulus Metal
provide concise tables for minimum bending radii and opening angle formulas based on the standard. Modulus Metal Summary Table: Key Parameters Definition / Significance Material Thickness Decreases by ~20% in the bent area. Inside Radius Chosen from preferred series to ensure part integrity. Opening Angle Used to determine the compensation value Bending Angle The angle through which the material is bent ( 0 raised to the composed with power 180 raised to the composed with power Minimum Leg Length Recommended as approximately to avoid defects. calculation example for a 90-degree bend using these DIN 6935 parameters? DIN 6935 Cold Bending of Flat Rolled Steel - Modulus Metal
I understand you're looking for the DIN 6935 standard (Flat steel products — Cold forming of flat steel — Technical delivery conditions for flattened and flattened and straightened wire). This standard is important for specifying tolerances and technical delivery conditions for flat steel products after cold forming.
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If you tell me which specific aspect of DIN 6935 you need (e.g., thickness tolerances for a certain width/strength grade, or the definition of "flattened wire"), I’m happy to provide those details from memory or derived from public summaries. Din 6935 Standard Pdf
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I can’t provide a direct copy or full contents of the DIN 6935 standard PDF, as it is copyrighted material owned by DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) and Beuth Verlag. However, I can summarize its scope and key technical contents to help you understand what the document covers.
If you have the DIN 6935 knowledge but not yet the PDF, you can still configure your CAD software:
DIN 6935 is not just a document; it is a methodology for ensuring that sheet metal parts fit together correctly after bending. It prevents costly errors where holes misalign or flanges are too short due to incorrect flat pattern calculations. While the PDF is a valuable resource for manual calculations, the standard's true power lies in its integration into modern engineering software.
standard, titled "Cold bending of flat rolled steel" , is a technical regulation that establishes guidelines for the cold bending of sheet metal and flat steel products
. It is primarily used in mechanical engineering and steel construction to ensure precision and prevent material failure during fabrication Core Content of DIN 6935
The standard provides a systematic approach to calculating the dimensions of a part before it is bent, ensuring the final product meets specified measurements Minimum Bending Radii
: Specifies the smallest radius a specific steel grade can be bent without cracking or compromising structural integrity Developed Length Calculation
: Explains how to determine the "stretched" or "unfolded" length of a part by using compensation values ( ) and correction factors ( Neutral Fiber Deviations
: Accounts for how the material's "neutral axis" shifts during the bending process, which affects the final length of the legs Permissible Deviations
: Outlines the legal tolerances for bending angles and radii to maintain quality control in manufacturing Technical Applications Material Selection
: Includes tables categorizing different steel grades and their suitability for cold bending Design Guidelines
: Recommends selecting bending radii from a preferred series to ensure uniformity across different fabrication setups Modulus Metal Minimum Leg Length
: Defines the minimum distance required between a bend and the edge of the sheet to allow for proper tooling engagement Accessing the Standard
As with most DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) standards, the full official text is a copyrighted document. You can find official copies and related technical supplements through the following types of sources: Official Purchase
: The complete updated standard (latest version often cited as DIN 6935:2011-10 ) can be purchased through the or authorized distributors like Beuth Verlag Technical Previews
: Summary guides and tables of the standard's calculations are often available on professional platforms like or specialized engineering sites like Modulus Metal under this standard? DIN 6935: Cold Bending Steel Standards | PDF - Scribd
DIN 6935 is the primary German technical standard for the cold bending of flat steel products. It is widely used in steel construction and mechanical engineering to determine minimum bending radii, calculate the "developed length" (flat length) of parts before they are bent, and define permissible tolerances. 1. Key Technical Specifications Official purchase links (where you can buy the
The standard provides a framework for ensuring structural integrity during the bending process:
Material Direction: It is recommended to bend transverse to the rolling direction whenever possible to avoid cracking and ensure a higher-quality bend.
Thickness Reduction: During the bending process, the material thickness in the rounded portion typically decreases by approximately 20%.
Minimum Leg Length: For mechanical bending, the minimum leg length ( ) is generally recommended to be at least (four times the bending radius). 2. Standard Bending Radii (
DIN 6935 suggests selecting radii from a standard series (1, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 2.5... up to 100 mm) to ensure uniformity. The minimum permissible radius depends on the steel grade and thickness ( S235 Steel ( mm): Minimum mm (transverse) or mm (parallel). S355 Steel ( mm): Minimum mm (transverse) or mm (parallel). High Angles: If the bending angle is
>120∘is greater than 120 raised to the composed with power
, you must use the next higher standard radius from the table. 3. Calculation of Developed Length
To find the total length of the flat sheet needed to create a bent part, use the formula:
Developed Length=a+b+vDeveloped Length equals a plus b plus v : Leg lengths.
(Compensating Value): An adjustment factor that accounts for material stretching or compression at the neutral fiber. Compensation Formulas ( Opening Angle ( Formula for 0∘0 raised to the composed with power 90∘90 raised to the composed with power
π⋅(180∘−β180∘)⋅(r+s2⋅k)−2(r+s)pi center dot open paren the fraction with numerator 180 raised to the composed with power minus beta and denominator 180 raised to the composed with power end-fraction close paren center dot open paren r plus s over 2 end-fraction center dot k close paren minus 2 open paren r plus s close paren 90∘90 raised to the composed with power 165∘165 raised to the composed with power
π⋅(180∘−β180∘)⋅(r+s2⋅k)−2(r+s)⋅tan(180∘−β2)pi center dot open paren the fraction with numerator 180 raised to the composed with power minus beta and denominator 180 raised to the composed with power end-fraction close paren center dot open paren r plus s over 2 end-fraction center dot k close paren minus 2 open paren r plus s close paren center dot tangent open paren the fraction with numerator 180 raised to the composed with power minus beta and denominator 2 end-fraction close paren 165∘165 raised to the composed with power 180∘180 raised to the composed with power Negligible (use Correction Factor (
-factor shifts the neutral line during bending and is calculated as:
k=0.65+0.5⋅log10(rs)k equals 0.65 plus 0.5 center dot log base 10 of open paren r over s end-fraction close paren Note: If the ratio 4. Permissible Deviations
The standard also outlines how much the final bend can deviate from the design:
Angular Position: For leg lengths up to 30 mm, a deviation of ±2∘plus or minus 2 raised to the composed with power is allowed. This tightens to ±1∘plus or minus 1 raised to the composed with power for leg lengths over 120 mm. Bending Radii: Deviations range from +0.5positive 0.5 mm (for thin S235cap S 235 sheets) to +3.0positive 3.0 mm (for thick S355cap S 355 Accessing the PDF
The full 13-page standard (DIN 6935:2011-10) is a copyrighted document. You can purchase official copies from the ANSI Webstore or Beuth Verlag. Unofficial English translations and summaries are often available on platforms like Scribd. DIN 6935 Cold Bending of Flat Rolled Steel - Modulus Metal
The Role of DIN 6935 in Precision Engineering The DIN 6935 standard is a critical technical framework that governs the cold bending of flat rolled steel products within the mechanical engineering and steel construction industries. Its primary function is to provide standardized methods for calculating "developed lengths" (the flat state of a part before it is bent) while ensuring structural integrity by specifying minimum bending radii. Core Technical Specifications Beuth Verlag (official DIN distributor) DIN Media Search
The standard provides engineers and manufacturers with precise guidelines to account for the physical changes steel undergoes during the bending process.
Minimum Bending Radii: To prevent material failure, such as cracking or excessive thinning, DIN 6935 defines permissible radii based on material thickness (
) and the specific grade of steel. For example, the radius must often be increased for bending angles exceeding 120∘120 raised to the composed with power to maintain material health.
Developed Length Calculation: When a flat sheet is bent, the outer surface stretches while the inner surface compresses. DIN 6935 introduces "compensating values" (
) and correction factors to accurately calculate the flat length required to achieve a finished bent component.
Material Thinning: The standard acknowledges that the thickness of the material decreases by approximately 20% in the rounded portion of the bend. Evolutionary Context
The current version of the standard is DIN 6935:2011-10, which replaced the 2010 edition and the much older 1975 and 1969 versions. While older versions like the 1969 edition are now considered inactive, they established the foundational tables for
factors that remain influential in legacy manufacturing workflows. Industrial Application DIN 6935: Cold Bending Steel Standards | PDF - Scribd
Please note: DIN 6935 has been withdrawn and superseded by the international standard DIN EN ISO 13722. This report reflects the historical relevance, technical content, and the transition to the current standard.
In the world of mechanical engineering and precision metalworking, few standards are as practically significant as DIN 6935. Titled “Sheet Metal Bending; Technical Information,” this standard serves as the definitive guide for engineers and fabricators calculating the geometries of bent sheet metal parts.
While many search for a DIN 6935 PDF to access the diagrams and tables directly, it is vital to understand the technical principles the document outlines. Below is an overview of the standard, its key calculations, and how it is applied in modern manufacturing.
When sheet metal is bent, the outer fibers stretch, and the inner fibers compress. Somewhere in between lies the "neutral axis"—a theoretical line that experiences no change in length. DIN 6935 defines the position of this axis to calculate how much material is needed.
DIN 6935 uses a variable ( v ) (also referred to in literature as the neutral axis shift factor). The standard defines ( v ) based on the ratio ( r/s ) (radius divided by thickness):
| r/s Ratio | Correction Factor (v) | | :--- | :--- | | ≤ 0.5 | 0.33 | | 1.0 | 0.36 | | 2.0 | 0.40 | | 3.0 | 0.42 | | 4.0 | 0.44 | | 5.0 | 0.45 | | ≥ 6.0 | 0.50 |
Note: For a pure 90° bend, many CAD programs convert this into a Bend Deduction value.
A common point of confusion is the difference between DIN 6935 and DIN 6936. Many users searching for "DIN 6935 PDF" might actually need the other.
Key takeaway: Use DIN 6935 for how to bend and what tolerance to expect. Use DIN 6936 for what steel to buy.
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